Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply entrenched practice in many cultures around the world, yet its devastating impacts are often overlooked. One of the most critical areas where FGM exerts its harmful influence is in limiting girls' access to education.

Despite numerous anti-FGM campaigns and growing awareness of its harmful effects, the practice persists, often driven by the desire of families to conform to cultural norms. In many cultures, FGM is seen as a way to preserve a girl's dignity, prevent premarital sex and limit the likelihood of rape. However, these intentions overlook the severe physical and psychological harm caused by the procedure.

In this blog, GPE youth leaders Billan (Somalia), Ngimou (Cameroon) and Selina (Kenya) share their stories and insights reflecting on the practice of FGM within their cultural contexts, hoping to highlight the profound connection between ending FGM and ensuring every girl’s right to education, and to inspire collective action toward a future free from this harmful practice.

The impact of FGM on girls

FGM has devastating consequences for girls and women. The procedure can cause severe physical issues such as infections, complications with menstrual cycles, difficulties with childbirth, loss of sexual feeling, infertility, urinary problems and even death.

In addition to prolonged health complications, the psychological impact is equally significant as FGM can lead to trauma, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem that in combination significantly disrupts the daily lives and future opportunities for girls.

How FGM affects girls’ education

FGM poses a significant threat to the education of girls as the physical and psychological trauma associated with the procedure often leads to prolonged absences from school.

In rural areas, this disruption is particularly pronounced, limiting girls' access to education. The societal pressure to undergo FGM can also result in early marriages, further disrupting educational opportunities as girls are expected to take on domestic roles.

Additionally, the stigma and exclusion faced by girls who either undergo or refuse FGM can interfere with their concentration and success in school.

The lack of psychological support and trauma recovery services further prevents girls from fully focusing on their education, perpetuating a cycle of limited educational attainment and economic opportunities.

Recommendations from youth leaders

To address the pervasive issue of FGM and its impact on girls' education, several recommendations have been made by GPE youth leaders and survivors through:

1. Comprehensive health and psychological support: Provide medical care and counseling for girls who have undergone FGM to help them stay in school.
2. Educational initiatives: Implement flexible school schedules, tutoring and teacher training to accommodate the needs of FGM survivors.
3. Awareness campaigns: Educate students and parents about the impact of FGM to foster a supportive school environment.
4. Financial and material assistance: Offer scholarships and school supplies to alleviate the economic burdens that keep girls out of school.
5. Safe spaces and anti-bullying policies: Ensure supportive and inclusive school environments for affected girls.
6. The abolition of FGM: Advocate for the global abolition of FGM to protect girls’ health, well-being, and dignity, maximizing their school attendance and participation.
7. Grassroots movements and community engagement: Invest in local movements to end FGM, utilizing media campaigns and engaging cultural and religious leaders.
8. Involving men and boys: Include men and boys in the efforts to end FGM, promoting gender equality.
9. Legal enforcement and advocacy: Enhance the enforcement of anti-FGM policies and create an environment where survivors can share their experiences without fear of stigma.

The fight against FGM is intrinsically linked to the broader struggle for gender equality and educational access. The stories and perspectives shared here by our youth leaders underscore the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that address FGM and promote educational opportunities for girls.

We must continue to support these young voices, amplify their messages and work collaboratively to dismantle the barriers FGM imposes on education. Together, we can create a world where every girl is free to learn, thrive and realize her full potential.